Uzytkownik "Dana Nutter" <{post responses only to list}abyss@nutter.net>
napisal w wiadomosci news:umi0hvk8gkfdpn7hqhkh43l9bjug0ctiba@4ax.com...
> On 11 Jul 2003 20:36:22 -0700, ygor_coelho@hotmail.com (Ygor Coelho)
> wrote:
>
> > Please,
> > I'm searching for different ways the languages in the world have to
> > say words like 'nobody', 'anybody' and 'everybody'.
>
> In SASXSEK, I have the following pronoun schema which covers most of
> these:
>
> Personal MO, FO, SO I/we, you/thou, he/she/it/they
> Reflexive PO "self", myself, yourself,
> itself, etc...
> Impersonal WO one, someone/somebody,
> anyone/anybody,
> something, anything
> Demonstrative TO this/that/these/those
> Interrogative HO who/what/where
> Negative NO nobody/nothing/nowhere
>
>
> Not a pronoun, but TOT ("all") would be used for "everybody" or
> "everything".
>
In Synthetica I used table words like Zamenhof, but the table is a lot
longer and deeper.
The logic within the table is strict.
Some of the words bear a resemblance to some languages, and others to other
languages, although there is a logical rigour in the table, which might make
you think.
In any event 'someone' it 'etjaw', 'someone else' is 'elsjaw', 'anyone' is
'uvjaw' (which is between 'everyone' = 'evjaw' and 'unknown-who'='usxjaw')
'who' is 'wxijaw', and 'this/that person' is 'hijaw' and 'dxijaw'
respectively. The 'jaw' element sounds like 'yow' not someone's mandible.
'No-one' is 'nijaw' and 'who' introducing a relative clause is just 'jaw'
and can separate in that case leaving the first part hanging.
Eg: 'He, who knows, does not speak' would be "Hi, jaw nwag, nipjavag", for
instance.
'Jawje' is the noun for 'name'
There is a pronoun 'gaw' for literal 'he', but if the sense is really a
table word sense, table words take precedence. In Synthetica, words derived
from the application of the languages internal logic always take precedence
over foreign loanwords.
Likewise the word Wxerq? meaning 'where', (pronounced exactly as a US
person from the south might say it, as the 'Wx' is like 'hw', the way some
Texans and Scots pronounce 'wh' in English, and the 'rq' is the 'r' of
American English and Chinese) gives the term 'herq, dxerq a everq' which
would be a Beatles title, you can work out which, and 'elserq' means the
same as its english soundalike 'elsewhere'. Nijerq is nowhere, 'eterq' is
somewhere
'Jerqje' is the noun for 'space'.
'Icqje' is the noun for 'identity' (cq sounds like german 'ich' - the IPA c
with the cydilla) and 'wxicq' means 'which of several' for inanimates
(esperanto has one word 'kiu' for Synthetica's wxijaw and wxicq. Animacy is
an important concept in language and so Synthetica, not being for softies,
doesn't skirt around it.) Needless to say the same combinations apply, so
'another one' is 'elsicq', 'hicq a dxicq' is 'this(one) and that (one)' 'A
certain one' from inanimates will be 'eticq' and none of them will be
'nijicq' or 'nicq' getting very close to German.
When I say that the word 'wxelq' means 'how' and 'wxemx' 'how much', then it
comes as no surprise that 'elqje' and 'emxje' mean quality and quantity.
And knowing that 'time' is 'enqje' and 'otqje' reality, it is not hard to
figure out which question words 'wxenq?' and 'wxotq?' mean. And yes again
they sound not unlike the English versions.
'nq', tq' and 'lq' sound like the Russian n, t and l followed by the soft
sign, by the way.
These marked consonant endings, 'nq', 'lq', 'rq' and 'mx' are also adverbial
and adjectival markers of quantity. The 'cq' marker shows a characteristic
part of the identity of the thing referred to. Eg: kanelxyy would be a
adjective for 'like a dog' - a dog's appetite. A dog's tooth, however, which
is literally part of a dog, not like a dog, is 'kanecqyy'. A dogshit, which
has already left the dog but which was historically of the dog could be
'kanenqyy sket'.
I hope that clears that up.
Uncle Davey
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