Don Phillipson in <ktk1ps$jb5$1@news.albasani.net>, wrote on 8/3/2013 :
> "Alex" <Alex@email.invalid> wrote in message news:kthuif$mr0$3@solani.org...
>> On Fri, 02 Aug 2013 20:41:16 -0700, Peter T. Daniels wrote:
>>
>>> Actually, if you post this query in sci.lang, you'll get a full and
>>> accurate answer from Yusuf Gursey (who will likely quote Encyclopaedia
>>> of Islam for you).
>>
>> The strange thing is that the Bulgar Khanate predates the Mongol hordes,
>> so, that's what started me on this quest...
>>
>> Looking at historical maps, I find these terms:
>> - Khanate (e.g., the Bulgar Khanate)
>> - Ilkanate (e.g., the Persian Ilkanate)
>> - Caliphate (e.g., the Abbasid Caliphate)
>> - Sultinate (e.g., the Delhi Sultanate)
>> - Emirate (e.g., the Sicilian Emirate)
>>
>> Reading Wikipedia to make some sense out of the complexity, is
>> this focused summary close enough yet?
>>
>> Khanate (Mongol kingdom?)
>> Ilkanate (Khanate tributary)
>> Caliphate (Islamic theocracy?)
>> Sultinate (Arab dictatorship?)
>> Emirate (Muslim kingdom?)
>
> Because this problem has emerged before, it has probably
> been solved before (not necessarily uniformly) e.g. in European
> foreign ministries of the 19th century, among cartographers in the
> 20th, at the United Nations Organization, etc.
>
> NB Sultan and sultanate are standard English spellings.
>
> Your typography may be wrong in two respects.
> -- Khan and khanate are used nowadays by non-Mongols.
> -- How might we tell the difference between an "Arab dictatorship"
Arab dictatorship implies a nationalistic Arab dictatorship of
theoretical equals.
> and a "Muslim kingdom:" these may turn out indistinguishable.
"Muslim kingdom" implies a feudal class based monarchy of Muslims of
whatever ethnicity.
> It may be helpful to calibrate functions and titles of the last Ottoman
> empire (because several emperors claimed Caliph status) and then
> to see which of these survive today.
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